Dioscorea composita yam dioscorea convolvulacea yam dioscorea dumetorum bitter yam dioscorea elephantipes hottentotbread dioscorea esculenta lesser yam. The main saponin from the fresh tuber of dioscorea composita was dioscin and from the fermented material 3o. Read more about the prescription drug wild yam dioscorea villosa oral. Biorefinery of dioscorea composita hemsl with ferric chloride. Dioscorea oppositifolia, a yam native to the indian subcontinent. Effects of storage on germination of dioscorea composita.
The mexican barbasco trade was the trade of the diosgeninrich yam species dioscorea mexicana, dioscorea floribunda and dioscorea composita which emerged in mexico in the 1950s as part of the mexican steroid industry. Wild yam encourages the flow of bile to the duodenum, a part of the small intestine. Dioscorea sansibarensis pax section macroura, zanzibar yam. Diosgenin or wild yam is often promoted as a natural alterative to estrogen therapy, so you will see it used for estrogen replacement therapy, vaginal dryness in older women, pms premenstrual syndrome, menstrual cramps, weak bones osteoporosis, increasing energy and sexual drive in men and women, and breast enlargement. Escambia, gadsden, leon, levy, charlotte, lee, and dade wunderlin et al. Dioscorea composita wikimili, the free encyclopedia.
To keep proper soil moisture, one needs to give 12 cups of water every 45 weeks. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Ppt taro and yams powerpoint presentation free to view. Several species are widely cultivated in many cultivars including dioscorea alata d. The trade consisted in mexican campesinos harvesting the root in the jungle, selling it to middlemen who brought it to processing plants where the root was fermented and the. Pharmacognosy phytochemistry medicinal plants top results of your surfing pharmacognosy phytochemistry medicinal plants start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader. The root and the bulb of the plant are used as a source of diosgenin, which is prepared as an extract, a. The plant dioscorea composita has important applications in the medical and energy industries, and can be used for the extraction of steroidal sapogenins important raw materials for the synthesis of steroidal drugs and bioethanol production. A protocol for in vitro production of microtubers in chinese. Dioscorea composita in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. The rhizomestubers of many noncomestible species accumulate varying concentrations of steroidal. The stems scramble over the ground or twine into nearby plants for support 418. It is from the rhizome of dioscorea hypoglauca or plants with similar tubers, such d. Method for increasing diosgenin yield from dioscorea cultivation.
Introduction the monocotyledonous dioscorea is known as yam. Dioscorea composita, or barbasco, is a species of yam in the genus dioscorea, native to mexico. This type of plant needs sunlight during the coolest hours of the day so usually right. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Diosgenin is an important raw material for the synthesis of steroid hormone drug and largely required in the pharmaceutical industry.
Wild yam is an herbal extract native to north america, mexico and china with active ingredient diosgenin. There are several herbs derived from species of dioscorea used in chinese herb formulas, though only two are used with some frequency. It is named after the ancient greek physician and botanist dioscorides. Initiation of germination was delayed in freshly harvested. American indians used a tea made from this root, to relieve labor pains. The plant list includes a further 316 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus dioscorea. Check other web resources for dioscorea composita hemsl. Wild yam contains a chemical that can be made into various steroids, such as estrogen, in the laboratory.
Dioscorea synonyms, dioscorea pronunciation, dioscorea translation, english dictionary definition of dioscorea. Biotransformation of nhexadecane by cell suspension cultures of cinchona robusta and dioscorea composita. It contains a chemical, diosgenin, which can be made in the laboratory into various steroids, such as estrogen and dehydroepiandrosterone dhea. This appears to be a distinct variety, chiefly differing from the preceding in the entire dissimilarity of its rhizome. Dioscorea villosa, the wild yam, is used as a source of topically applied cosmetics and plantderived steroids.
Method for increasing diosgenin yield from dioscorea. Chinese yam dioscorea polystachya, a widely cultivated yam native to china. Dioscorea species are cultivated circumtropically, especially in west africa and the west indies, for their starchy tubers yams, the cultivars having been derived from about ten species, including three of the four taxa naturalized in the flora. Fresh dried root, made into a tea, is good for morning sickness. Dioscorea deltoidea is belongs to family dioscoreaceae which produce rhizomes or bulbils, having rich medicinal and economic value.
Dioscorea composita is a herbaceous perennial climbing plant producing annual stems from a tuberous rootstock. Dioscorea definition of dioscorea by merriamwebster. It would need a very rich soil content which is filled with potassium and phosphorous, but lacks nitrogen. A protocol for in vitro production of microtubers in. It is notable for its role in the production of diosgenin, which is a precursor for the synthesis of hormones such as progesterone. The other commonly used variety of dioscorea is commonly called tokoro, the chinese name is bixie the characters for this name are unique for the plant. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. However, little is known at the genetic level about how sapogenins are biosynthesized in this plant. Ars germplasm resources information network dico15 integrated taxonomic information system dico15.
The common name for the genus, yams, will be used when discussing information applicable to 2 or more of the above species. Dioscorea opposita is an obsolete synonym of two species of yams. Dioscorea composita wikispecies, free species directory. Uses, side effects, interactions, dosage, and warning. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Hormonesensitive condition such as breast cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian. By far the most common is dioscorea opposita, for which the rhizome tuber is used. The sugar free aglycone product of such hydrolysis, diosgenin is used for the commercial synthesis of cortisone, pregnenolone, progesterone, and other. Diosgenin, a phytosteroid sapogenin, is the product of hydrolysis by acids, strong bases, or enzymes of saponins, extracted from the tubers of dioscorea wild yam, such as the kokoro. Collectie tropenmuseum het knolgewas dioscorea bulbifera ubi gandu met bovenaardse knollen en bloeiwijze tmnr 100155. The genus dioscorea includes 600 species and is of considerable economic importance 1. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species. Dioscorea used in chinese medicine with the example of. In the process of cultivating dioscorea plants in order to produce extractable diosgenin in their roots, the improvement for increasing the yield of diosgenin which comprises cultivating said plants on an artificial support system to a height within the range of 4 to 6 meters, wherein said plants are cultivated to effect a first period of vertical growth, followed by cultivating.
Dioscorea definition of dioscorea by the free dictionary. Wild yam is possibly safe when taken by mouth or applied to the skin. There is not enough reliable information about the safety of taking wild yam if you are pregnant or breast feeding. Nomenclatural and specimen database of the missouri botanical garden mansfeld. However, the body cant change wild yam to estrogen. General information about dioscorea composita diuma this website uses cookies our website uses cookies to ensure that we give you the best possible online experience. Mansfelds world databas of agricultural and horticultural crops. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Effects of storage were tested on germination ofdioscorea composita dioscoreaceae seeds. Some of this diosgenin is produced by cultivation of dioscorea plant species such as dioscorea composita and dioscorea floribunda, while the remainder is obtained from plants growing naturally in the tropical forests. Biorefinery of dioscorea composita hemsl with ferric. Wild yam also aids in the proper functioning of the digestive, excretory and nervous systems. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles.
Mazumder2 1department of life science and bioinformatics, tissue culture lab. We do not use these to store personal information about you. Wild yam dioscorea villosa oral side effects, medical. Dioscorea is a genus of over 600 species of flowering plants in the family dioscoreaceae, native throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. This page was last edited on 18 october 2018, at 07. The plant list includes 1,192 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus dioscorea. Dioscorea definition of dioscorea by medical dictionary.
The vast majority of the species are tropical, with only a few species extending into temperate climates. Thus, although dioscorea was introduced by the thomsonian school in medicine, it became a favorite in the eclectic school, where for decades it has found a cordial reception. Spirostanic diosgenin precursors from dioscorea composita. We do not intend the plant list to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. These are primarily included because names of species rank are. The conditions for microtuber induction have already been studied in a number of dioscorea species, including d. Consumer information about the medication wild yam dioscorea villosa oral, includes side effects, drug interactions, recommended dosages, and storage information. The plant closely resembles the true wild yam in its general shape and in the structure of its leaves, flowers, and fruit. For more multimedia, look at dioscorea composita on wikimedia commons. In florida, herbarium records now reported for naturalized populations in 7 counties. Furthermore, the waste, including sugary wastewater and starch residue, as recyclable.
Lloyd investigated the dioscorea subject, and found that the variety of the vine yielding the drug originally em. Dioscorea deltoidea rhizomes used for the treatment of different. Russell marker developed the extraction and manufacture of hormones from d. Media in category dioscorea composita this category contains only the following file. The plants database includes the following 30 species of dioscorea. Dioscorea opposita article about dioscorea opposita by. Dioscorea definition is a genus of mostly tropical twining herbs family dioscoreaceae including the yams and having netveined leaves and small dioecious flowers.
However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. No free sapogenin was isolated from the fresh tuber. Ebook pharmacognosy phytochemistry medicinal plants as pdf. The sugar free product of such hydrolysis, diosgenin is used for the commercial synthesis of cortisone, pregnenolone, progesterone, and other steroid products. Dioscorea composita diumaoverview eppo global database. This is in the yam family, and the herb is sometimes simply referred to as. Taro and yams yams dioscoreaceae dioscorea species 600 species yam dioscorea species sixty species cultivated for food and pharmaceuticals monocot plant. In florida, herbarium records now reported for naturalized. The plant closely resembles the true wild yam in its general shape and in. Spectrophotometric determination of diosgenin in dioscorea composita following thinlayer chromatography. The native north american species are assigned to sect.
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